Nationality usually describes the country where you were born.
Citizenship is a legal matter, that you have been registered with the government of a country as having rights as a full citizen in that country. For most people, that is the country where they are born and continue to live, but if a person moves to Another Country, citizenship may be obtained in the new country, by applying to the government.
Residence is the place where you have a permanent residence, where you spend most of your time during a year.
So a person who is born in England, moves to Canada as a child and applies to Canada for citizenship, then spends time in France as a teacher, for example, could have English nationality, Canadian citizenship and French residence.
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Nationality refers to a person's legal membership to a particular country and is often determined by factors such as birth, parentage, or naturalization. Citizenship, on the other hand, confers specific rights and privileges within a country, such as the ability to vote, work, and access public services. While the two terms are closely related, nationality is broader and can be acquired in various ways, while citizenship is a more specific legal status.
The law of soil, also known as jus soli, grants nationality to individuals based on their place of birth. The law of blood, or jus sanguinis, grants nationality to individuals based on their parents' nationality.
Single citizenship means a person is a citizen of only one country. Dual citizenship means a person is a citizen of two countries, and holds passports from both countries. Dual citizens have rights and responsibilities in both countries.
Domicile refers to the place where an individual has their permanent residence or intends to make their permanent home, while nationality refers to a person's legal relationship to a particular country, typically as a citizen. Domicile can change based on where a person resides and intends to stay, while nationality is usually determined by factors such as birth, parentage, or naturalization.
Identity refers to the characteristics and traits that make an individual unique, while citizenship refers to the legal status of belonging to a specific country and enjoying the rights and responsibilities that come with it. A person's identity can encompass many aspects beyond their citizenship, such as culture, ethnicity, beliefs, and values.
In the United States, the Civil Rights Act of 1866 granted citizenship to African-born freed slaves. This legislation was an important step towards ensuring equal rights and protections for all individuals regardless of their race or nationality.