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Chromosomes come in 2 forms, depending on the stage of the cell cycle.

The monad form consists of a single chromatid, a single piece of DNA containing a centromere and telomeres at the ends.

The dyad form consists of 2 identical chromatids (sister chromatids) attached together at the centromere.

Chromosomes are in the dyad form before mitosis, and in the monad form after mitosis.

The dyad form is the result of DNA replication: a single piece of DNA (the monad chromosome) replicated to form 2 identical DNA molecules (the 2 chromatids of the dyad chromosome).

a tetrad is a pair of homologous chromosomes that have replicated and come together in prophase I of meiosis; and consists of four chromatids.

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Q: What is the difference between monad dyad and tetrad?
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