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Both Letter of Credit and Letter of Guarantee are commitment to payment by the issuer of the instrument (generally a Bank). In letter of credit, the issuer has to fulfill his commitment on fulfilling the terms and conditions of the letter of credit by the beneficiary. Whereas, on the other hand, in letter of guarantee the issuer has to make payment, when the beneficiary is unable to fulfill the terms & conditions of the letter of guarantee.

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Q: What is the difference between letter of credit letter of guarantee?
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What is the difference between a bank guarantee and a letter of credit?

While both being non-funded or contingent facilities i.e. they depend on the happening of a certain event, the basic difference between the two is that of the parties involved. In a bank guarantee, three parties are involved; the bank, the person to whom the guarantee is given and the person on whose behalf the bank is giving guarantee. In case of a letter of credit, there are normally four parties involved; Issuing Bank, Advising Bank, the applicant (importer) and the beneficiary (exporter). While appreciating the above, a more comprehensive response follows: A letter of credit is an obligation taken on by a bank to make a payment once certain criteria are met. Once these terms are completed and confirmed, the bank will transfer the funds. This ensures the payment will be made as long as the services are performed. A bank guarantee, like a line of credit, guarantees a sum of money to a beneficiary. Unlike a line of credit, the sum is only paid if the opposing party does not fulfill the stipulated obligations under the contract. This can be used to essentially insure a buyer or seller from loss or damage due to nonperformance by the other party in a contract. For example a letter of credit could be used in the delivery of goods or the completion of a service. The seller may request that the buyer obtain a letter of credit before the transaction occurs. The buyer would purchase this letter of credit from a bank and forward it to the seller's bank. This letter would substitute the bank's credit for that of its client, ensuring correct and timely payment. A bank guarantee might be used when a buyer obtains goods from a seller then runs into cash flow difficulties and can't pay the seller. The bank guarantee would pay an agreed-upon sum to the seller. Similarly, if the supplier was unable to provide the goods, the bank would then pay the purchaser the agreed-upon sum. Essentially, the bank guarantee acts as a safety measure for the opposing party in the transaction. These financial instruments are often used in trade financing when suppliers, or vendors, are purchasing and selling goods to and from overseas customers with whom they don't have established business relationships. The instruments are designed to reduce the risk taken by each party.


What does it means of confirmed letter of credit?

ConfirmedA confirmed letter of credit is when a second guarantee is added to the document by another bank. The advising bank, the branch or the correspondent through which the issuing bank routes the letter of credit, adds its undertaking and commitment to pay to the letter of credit. This confirmation means that the seller/beneficiary may also look to the credit worthiness of the confirming bank for payment assurance. UnconfirmedAn unconfirmed letter of credit is when the document bears the guarantee of the issuing bank alone. The advising bank merely informs the exporter of the terms and conditions of the letter of credit, without adding its obligation to pay. The exporter assumes the payment risk of the issuing bank, which is typically located in a foreign country. Best regards PMB