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Essentially, there is no difference - "mesmerism" is simply an old fashioned term for what is now, generally, called "hypnotism".

However, in modern usage, hypnosis generally describes the induction of a trance via intense, focused, and highly personalised guided relaxation, whereas mesmerism tends to imply trance induction via intense fascination, usually of one person by another, but sometimes by something more general such as a piece of music, a speech, or some amazing spectacle.

Hypnotism is a deliberate process, usually done by one person with another (or maybe a group), or done to oneself (self-hypnosis); mesmerism more typically occurs when, for example, one person fascinates another by the power of their speech, force of personality ( "a magnetic speaker"!), or maybe even their appearance, or when someone becomes totally absorbed in watching/ experiencing something - "the Ballet mesmerized her" etc..
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Q: What is the difference between hypnotism and mesmerism?
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