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Goal driven reasoning or backward chaining - an inference technique which uses IF THEN rules to repetitively break a goal into smaller sub-goals which are easier to prove.

Data driven reasoning or forward chaining - an inference technique which uses IF THEN rules to deduce a problem solution from initial data.

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Q: What is the difference between data driven and goal driven?
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Continue Learning about Statistics

Why inferential statistics is not required in census?

Inferential statistics is not required in a census because a census aims to collect data from every individual in a population, leaving no room for sampling error or uncertainty. The goal of a census is to provide an accurate count or measurement of a specific characteristic within a population, making the need for statistical inference unnecessary. In contrast, inferential statistics is used when data is collected from a sample of a population, and the goal is to make predictions or inferences about the larger population based on that sample.


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Break progress toward a large goal down into smaller stages.


Briefly explain the procedure for determining the sample size in marketing research?

If you're running a survey or a test, how many responses do you need for your data to be "statistically valid?" It's often a difficult goal to achieve, but without valid data, you can't trust your test results.When you're determining the statistical validity of your data, there are four criteria to consider.1. Population: The reach or total number of people to whom you want to apply the data.2. Probability or percentage: The percentage of people you expect to respond to your survey or campaign.3. Confidence: How confident you need to be that your data is accurate. Expressed as a percentage, the typical value is 95% or 0.95.4. Margin of Error or Confidence Interval: The amount of sway or potential error you will accept. It's the "+/-" value you see in media polls. The smaller the percentage, the larger your sample size will need to be.For example, if 45% of your survey respondees choose a particular answer and you have a 5% (+/- 5) margin of error, then you can assume that 40%-50% of the entire population will choose the same answer.Armed with these basic concepts, you can use the Sample Size Calculator and Confidence Interval Calculator at Survey System.In addition, this post on Marketing Profs clearly outlines how to decide whether your sample size is statistically valid. Wade Nelson did an excellent job of explaining the process and even included a link to another free sample size calculator.


When determining the necessary sample size for hypothesis testing of means for a specified level of confidence and margin of error the minimum sample size is given by which?

Sample size determination is the act of choosing the number of observations or replicates to include in a statistical sample. The sample size is an important feature of any empirical study in which the goal is to make inferences about a population from a sample.For Confidence level c, and the critical value of Zc is the number such that the area under the statndard normal curve between -Zc and Zc equals C.n > (zcσ/E)2