A cylinder is shaped like the empty inner cardboard of a toilet roll, whilst a sphere is shaped like a football [soccer, not American fb].
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A cylinder has two parallel circular bases connected by a curved surface, while a sphere is a perfectly round three-dimensional shape with all points on its surface equidistant from its center. In simple terms, a cylinder is like a can and a sphere is like a ball.
"Spherical" refers to having the shape of a sphere, which is a three-dimensional shape with all points equidistant from its center. "Round" is a more general term that can be used to describe any shape with smooth, curved lines and no sharp edges. A sphere is always round, but not all round shapes are spherical.
A thin cylinder has a wall thickness significantly smaller than its radius, while a thick cylinder has a wall thickness comparable to or larger than its radius. Thin cylinders typically use simpler stress analysis assumptions, whereas thick cylinders require more complex stress analysis methods to account for the effect of the thicker walls.
The cylinder value in eyeglasses refers to the amount of astigmatism correction needed. It indicates the degree of astigmatism present in your eyes, which means there is an irregular curvature of the cornea or lens. The cylinder value works in combination with the axis value to ensure the correction is properly aligned for clear vision.
A Van de Graaff generator uses a motor to transfer positive charge from a grounded metal sphere to a rubber belt continuously. The charge builds up on the metal sphere as the belt moves, creating a high voltage difference between the sphere and the belt due to the continuous transfer of charge.
A hollow cylinder has a volume that is the difference between the volume of the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder. The surface area of a hollow cylinder is the sum of the surface areas of the outer and inner cylinders, plus the surface area of the two circular ends. The presence of the keyword "j" does not directly relate to the properties of a hollow cylinder.