What is the difference between conservation and restoration?

Answer 1

There is much confusion about the use of the terms conservation and restoration. Literally, "restoration" means to return something to its original condition by means of rebuilding, repairing, repainting, etc. The definition of "conservation", on the other hand, literally means preservation of the current state, adding nothing that would change that state. In terms of art conservation, that would mean stabilizing the art, preserving the integrity of it, making sure that its true aesthetic is revealed without changing the artist's intent, or losing valuable historical information (especially in the case of archaeological material where crusts and corrosion are often an indicator of authenticity).

In the art world the terms Conservation and Restoration are often used interchangeably and their precise definitions are somewhat elusive. Added to this is the fact that in Europe these terms are used quite differently. A Conservateur is usually a curator or preservation officer associated with a cultural institution. A Restoreur is any technician who applies their knowledge, experience and artistic abilities to the cleaning, stabilization, repair and restoration to works of art or objects of historical or artistic value.

In recent years the AIC (American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works) has sought to clarify these terms and make it clear that there are ethical ways to restore art and there are also improper ways to conserve it. The absolute definitions of these terms is therefore less important than the dedication of practitioners to follow a set of rules or guidelines that would ensure the continued existence of the art without causing damage, and make sure that any restorations are detectable and reversible. It is also essential that practitioners have adequate knowledge, experience and talent to carry out effective and ethical treatments.

Please go to the AIC website link below for more information about the Code of Ethics and Standards for Practice that all qualified Conservators should be adhering to. A referral list of qualified practitioners is available, as well as help on choosing an art conservator/restorer.