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Circulating hormones are produced by endocrine glands and travel through the bloodstream to reach their target cells in distant parts of the body. Local hormones, such as paracrine and autocrine hormones, act within the tissue or organ where they are produced without being transported in the bloodstream.
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How do circulating hormones differ from paracrines and autocrines with reference to their target cells?
Circulating hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and can affect target cells in distant parts of the body, whereas paracrines act on nearby cells and autocrines act on the same cell that produced them. Hormones travel through the bloodstream to reach their target cells, while paracrines and autocrines act locally without being transported through the bloodstream.
How do hormones leave the cell?
Hormones can leave the cell through different mechanisms, such as passive diffusion through the cell membrane or active transport using specific transport proteins. Some hormones may also interact with receptors on the cell membrane and trigger a signaling cascade that leads to hormone release from the cell.
What is The difference between systemic and local infection?
Systemic infection involves the spread of harmful microorganisms throughout the body via the bloodstream or lymphatic system, affecting multiple organs and systems. Local infection is confined to a specific area of the body, such as a wound or a specific organ, without spreading to other parts of the body.
Hormones are usually transported through and affect only cells with?
specific hormone receptors on their surface, allowing for targeted signaling. This ensures that hormones act only on cells that are equipped to respond to their specific signals, optimizing the cellular response to hormonal stimuli and maintaining proper physiological balance.
Bone remodeling in adults is regulated and directed mainly by?
Bone remodeling in adults is mainly regulated and directed by the balance between osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. This process is influenced by various factors, including hormones (such as parathyroid hormone and calcitonin), mechanical loading, and local factors in the bone microenvironment. Imbalances in this regulation can lead to conditions like osteoporosis or osteopetrosis.
Are target tissues close to the glands that affect them?
most endocrine hormones are circulating hormones not local hormones.
How do circulating hormones differ from paracrines and autocrines with reference to their target cells?
Circulating hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and can affect target cells in distant parts of the body, whereas paracrines act on nearby cells and autocrines act on the same cell that produced them. Hormones travel through the bloodstream to reach their target cells, while paracrines and autocrines act locally without being transported through the bloodstream.
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