The bipolar leads of an electrocardiogram are Leads I, II, and III. These leads measure electrical activity between two electrodes placed on the body. Lead I records the difference in electrical potential between the right and left arm, Lead II between the right arm and left leg, and Lead III between the left arm and left leg.
Unipolar Stepper MotorsThe unipolar stepper motor operates with one winding with a center tap per phase. Each section of the winding is switched on for each direction of the magnetic field. Each winding is made relatively simple with the commutation circuit, this is done since the arrangement has a magnetic pole which can be reversed without switching the direction of the current. In most cases, given a phase, the common center tap for each winding is the following; three leads per phase and six leads for a regular two phase stepper motor. You will usually see that both these phases are often joined internally, this makes the stepper motor only have five leads. Often a stepper motor controller will be used to activate the drive transistors in the proper order. Since it is quite easy to operate these stepper motors, they are often very popular among hobbyists and are usually the cheapest way to get precise angular movements.Bipolar Stepper MotorsWith bipolar stepper motors there is only a single winding per phase. The driving circuit needs to be more complicated to reverse the magnetic pole, this is done to reverse the current in the winding. This is done with a H-bridge arrangement, however there are several driver chips that can be purchased to make this a more simple task. Unlike the unipolar stepper motor, the bipolar stepper motor has two leads per phase, neither of which are common. Static friction effects do happen with a H-bridge with certain drive topologies, however this can be reduced with dithering the stepper motor signal at a higher frequency.
after the bipolar leads
The unipolar limb leads (aVR, aVL, aVF) are three of the standard leads used in an electrocardiogram (ECG) to record electrical activity of the heart from different angles. They provide information on the heart's electrical activity in the frontal plane of the body.
standard or bipolar limb leads?
The leads in Einthoven's Triangle, which are Leads I (left and right arm), II (right arm and left foot)), and III (left arm and foot).
chest limb and augmented--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Standard Limb Leads (Bipolar) "Einthoven's Triangle"Lead I: right and left arms (lateral wall)Lead II: right arm and left foot (inferior wall)Lead III: left arm and [usually] foot (inferior wall)- Note that the right arm is always negatively charged and the left foot is always positively chargedAugmented Leads (Unipolar*)aVR: right arm (no specific view)aVL: left arm (lateral wall)aVF: left leg [usually foot] (inferior wall)Precordial "Chest" Leads (Unipolar*)- see link called "precordial 'chest' leads" in related links for diagramV1: 4th intercostal space to right of sternum (septal wall)V2: 4th intercostal space to left of sternum (septal wall)V3: between leads V2 and V4 (anterior wall)V4: 5th intercostal space at midclavicular line (anterior wall)V5: level with V4 at left anterior axillary line (lateral wall)V6: level with V5 at left midaxillary line, directly under midpoint of armpit (lateral wall)* It's important to note that with the unipolar leads, they work assuming that the "center point" is negative and the ends (the actual lead placement) are positive.
IGBT and BJT are bipolar devices as the name suggest. Meaning of bipolar device both electrons and holes leads to current unlike FET where either electron or hole causes current.
The difference between MSc in operation management and MBA in operation management is that MSc in operation management leads to a general manager while the latter leads to an operations manager.
The basic difference between generations is their age - one is older than the other. This leads to differences at the cultural level.
Sampling error leads to random error. Sampling bias leads to systematic error.
The "Path" is the route map that leads to the folder that contains the "Filename"