The "Long action" has a longer receiver and bolt, made for longer rounds such as 30-06 Springfield, 270 Win, etc as opposed to short action catridges like 308 Win.
All remington model 700 actions are based on the length of 2 cartridges.The short action is based on cartridges of 2.800in.or less in length.Examples include the .308win,.243win,22-250,.223 rem.etc. The long action length is based on cartridge,s of 3.340in.length.Examples include the 30-06,270win,300win mag,etc.
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