One of the best handguns for a woman would be the Ruger.
Answer:
You've entered an area where opinions are likely to vary widely.
How you intend to use the handgun is the most important factor in deciding what size and weight handgun you should get. If it is not to be carried but kept in a nightstand or glove compartment I would recommend a larger frame revolver similar to the Smith & Wesson Model model 64 or model 10 (used or new once they are available again) in a 4" barrel.
If you carry it with you and you carry a large purse consider one similar to the Smith & Wesson Model 642.
If you carry a small purse consider a North American Arms model NAA-22LR (short barrel 22 long rifle). Or if you can stand a little more size and weight the North American Arms Black Widow. But, these guns will require more practice to use.
All of the above guns are revolvers. Most people what automatics because they are jazzier looking. That's why you see them on CSI and other TV crime shows. But, revolvers are more reliable (they're almost certain to shoot when you pull the trigger) and easier to learn to use and handle safely than automatics.
I say similar to Smith & Wesson above because I'm not touting that brand, just the type of handgun. Colt, Ruger and Taurus sell good revolvers.
Some generalizations.
No.
Open
Glock
Best is a relative term that has to many variables.
Best left to a qualifed gunsmith
Whichever one best suits your needs.
Best left to a gunsmith
The Kel Tec in .40 is probably your best best.
Best left to a gunsmith
inch or mm
The daranger (not correct spelling sorry) its a small handgun that can eather fire a .45 or a .410 shotgun shell.
Best is very subjective. Sig Sauer and H&K are among the best in general.