The main difference there would be that a kidney is an organ that helps the body maintain a proper balance of minerals, metabolites and other bodily fluids.
Dialysis/a dialysis machine is a procedure/machine that can perform some of the basic functions of the kidneys for people experiencing either temporary or long term renal (kidney) failure.
wikipedia has some accurate and in depth pages on both the kidney, and dialysis if you want to know more.
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