welding rod is used without applying current through it while the other one is, current is passing thru it..i.e. Welding rods are used in TIG welding process while Electrodes (E6011, E6013, E7017..etc..) is used in SMAW process
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An earth rod is simply one type of earth electrode. Other types include meshes and tapes.
consumable is when the rod or other metal is also used up in the weld, like common mig welding. Non consumable would be like forms of tig welding that don't use any rods or other metals to join the 2 materials together. This is the Distance
E, eletric welding. R, rod or filler. 70, tensile strength. S, solid wire. 6, chemical composition.
Some electrodes (welding rods) can be used AC or DC. Some are strictly DC. You may find that most electrodes run smoother on DC. Most industries purchase machines with DC capability.
Code requires that the resistance between the two grounding electrodes be 25 ohms or less. You don't mention how deep they are or how far apart they are. THat will make a difference. Or it could be the soil they are in.You need to get the resistance down
It is the conductor that is used in service distribution panels that bonds the distribution panel's neutral bus bar to the ground electrode (rod). This brings all of the distribution panel neutrals that are connected to the same supply system to the same potential, that being zero. Should a supply service neutral open this ground wire will maintain the systems integrity until repairs can be made.