Bio-prospecting is the scientific research that looks for useful products in the nature to create pharmaceuticals.
Compensation has to be given to the community or the country from where the natural resource has been obtained.
Bio-piracy is the development of these pharmaceutical products without giving compensation to the community that nurtured and protected the organisms on which these products are based.
The difference between succeeding terms in a sequence is called the common difference in an arithmetic sequence, and the common ratio in a geometric sequence.
Bio-prospecting can be best understood by splitting them into two parts:- Bio- any biological material (floral or faunal parts) Prospect- it's prudential use therefore, bio-prospecting means exploration and buying of biological materials for studying and then to finally change them into products of commercial interest
The typical time difference between ovulation and menstruation in the menstrual cycle is around 14 days.
The difference between male and female can be determined by physical characteristics such as reproductive organs, secondary sexual characteristics, and genetic makeup.
The difference in the same trait between two subjects refers to the variation or contrast in that specific characteristic when comparing the two subjects.
A bioprospector is a person who is engaged in bioprospecting - the methodical search for novel pharmaceutical products from plants and microorganisms.
a) prohibit the patenting of all life forms, including plants and animals and parts thereof, gene sequences, micro-organisms as well as all processes including biological, microbiological and non-biological processes for the production of life forms and parts thereof; (b) ensure the protection of the innovations of indigenous and local farming communities and the continuation of the traditional farming practices including the right to save, exchange and save seeds, and sell their harvest; (c) prevent anti-competitive practices which threaten food sovereignty of people in developing countries; and (d) to protect the rights of indigenous communities and prevent any private monopolistic intellectual property claims over their traditional knowledge.
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Companies are particularly interested in bioprospecting because it offers the potential to discover new biological resources that can lead to innovative products, such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and agricultural solutions. By exploring biodiversity, they can identify unique compounds and genetic materials that may have valuable applications. Additionally, bioprospecting can enhance sustainability efforts by promoting the use of natural resources while fostering environmental conservation. This approach not only drives economic growth but also encourages collaboration with local communities and indigenous knowledge systems.
A biopirate is a person who engages in biopiracy - the act of appropriating indigenous biomedical knowledge, especially by patenting naturally occurring substances.
Biopiracy is the illegal appropriation of life -- microorganisms, plants and animals (including humans) -- and the traditional cultural knowledge that accompanies it. Biopiracy is illegal because, in violation of international conventions and (where these exist) corresponding domestic laws, it does not recognize, respect or adequately compensate the rightful owners of the life forms appropriated or the traditional knowledge related to their propagation, use and commercial benefit. Biopiracy commonly operates through the application of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) (primarily patents) to genetic resources and traditional knowledge. For more see the link below.
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In biopiracy, traditional knowledge is exploited for commercial gain. A person or organization patenting a drug based on biopiracy would be asserting they are the inventor of it, even though it may have been around for thousands of years. As a result, the holder of the patent can make millions of dollars while the people who have been passing this knowledge down for generations continue to live in poverty.
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