You can request a owner's manual from Ruger at their web site.
Located ontop of the rifle.
It is a RUGER Model 77. That is what the M77 means. Typically the M77 is the "older" style with a tang safety, blued with walnut furniture.
100-1000 USD depending on condition, box, papers, accessories, finish, etc..
The term 'tang safety' refers to the safety actuating device (i.e. button, lever, knob, etc., ) being physically located in the tang of the firearm. The tang is that portion of the receiver (or frame) of the gun that extends into the butt stock on the top side of the wrist of the stock. If you shoulder the weapon (right-handed) the thumb of your right hand will be positioned over the tang and in a perfect position to slide the safety button forward or back. Hope that's clear enough!
On the top of the tang.
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it is a Voere commercial 98 Mauser action rifle with a tang safety, imported by Jerry's Sport Center under the name of 'parker ballard'. they are Austrian, exceptional quality and accuracy, tang safety, a stock made somewhat in the Weatherby style with a RH palm swell. However, they are relatively unknown, and prices are low. POSSIBLY $200 range, depending on condition.
The slender metal part of the rear of the frame that extends into the wood of the stock.
Manual safety. Most will reset to safe automatically each time gun is loaded.
No, at least not on the original production guns (1892 - 1941).
1 billion dollars