Operant Conditioning
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It is central to operant conditioning, a type of learning in which behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on their consequences. This learned association helps individuals understand the relationship between their actions and the outcomes that follow, influencing their future behavior.
Free association is a central technique in psychoanalysis where a person speaks freely about their thoughts, feelings, and memories without censorship. This helps uncover unconscious conflicts and patterns that may be influencing their behavior.
Nerve impulses are transmitted from the receptor to the central nervous system via sensory neurons. In the central nervous system, the impulse is processed and may be relayed to motor neurons that carry the impulse to effectors such as muscles or glands to produce a response. This pathway allows for communication and coordination between different parts of the body.
The amygdala, located in the brain's limbic system, plays a central role in processing emotions like fear and anxiety. It helps to amplify emotional responses and trigger the body's fight-or-flight response in threatening situations. Stress hormones like cortisol are also involved in intensifying emotions such as fear and anxiety.
Central neural mechanisms of emotion involve brain regions such as the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, which control emotional responses and regulation. Peripheral neural mechanisms involve the autonomic nervous system and hormonal processes that influence physiological changes in response to emotions, like changes in heart rate or sweating. Together, these mechanisms work in concert to generate and regulate emotional responses in the brain and body.
Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It enhances the transmission of signals between neurons by promoting the depolarization of postsynaptic neurons.