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To circumvent the costly overland trade which required them to trade with the Muslim world (the Middle East).
Athens explorers of this time wanted a water trade route to replace the overland route of the Silk Road. The overland routes were long, dangerous and goods often didn't reach the European markets. It was reasoned that water route was faster, ships could carry more items, and less dangerous.
The most famous trade route that was in the area of Russia was the Silk Road.
trade route
There really wasn't much trade that happened in the Middle Ages. Some sailors followed the coastlines and traded along the coast, but overland trade didn't start until the late 1390's or 1400's. It was very dangerous and a long expensive trip overland.