When states decided to grow more cotton they needed more slaves to harvest it. This meant that the number of slave held captive went up.
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The South had to hire more slaves to pick the cotton. Therefore the population grew.
The southern states used slaves to make profit and produce cotton, tobacco, and other resources that grew in their society. They also claimed it was "our way of life."
You would think that since there aren't as many hands needed to separate cotton, there would be a decrease in slavery. However, plantation owners only grew more cotton which needed more slaves to pick, then needed even more slaves to operate the cotton gin. In fact, after the invention of the cotton gin, slavery soon quadrupled.
In 1619 the first slave arrived and it grew from there when indentured servants didn't work out. When the cotton gin was invented the need for slaves became ever greater because more cotton could be grown, so by 1860 there were about 4 million slaves in the southern states.
The growth of slavery was a negative effect of the cotton gin. Because the gin could remove the seeds from the cotton boll more cotton was grown. Therefore more slaves were needed. As the amount of cotton grew so did the need for slaves.