Glock makes a couple of models that will fire the .357 Sig cartridge, and Sig makes a couple of models that will. Right off hand, I don't know of any others, although there may be some.
No. You can get a Sig P229 that will fire .357 Sig, but that is not the same as .357 magnum.
The ammunition is called .357 Sig. Most pistols in .357 Sig can shoot the .40 S&W when you drop in a .40 S&W barrel.
Sig Sauer P229, .357 Sig
Most newer generation Glocks can shoot the .357sig in a .40S&W with a simple barrel change. You can use the same magazines. The same is true for shooting .40 in a .357 Sig. This is true with Sig Sauer guns as well. I have a Glock 23 (.40 S&W). I simple install the Glock 32 barrel (.357 Sig) which I purchased for $100. I can shoot .357 sig out of the same gun. The magazines (at least for Glock) for the .40 and .357 sig are interchangeable. You CANNOT safely shoot a .40 out of a .357 sig barrel or vice versa. A barrel swap is required. If you load a .357 Sig round into a barrel chambered in .40 S&W, it could fire, but it would probably cause damage to the gun and won't be accurate. .357 Sig has better "terminal performance" than the .40, but the .40 shells cost less which translates into more practice for the same $$$ with the .40, and better self defense with the .357.
No.
No. The Glock is an auto pistol. With the exception of the .357 Sig, auto pistols do not shoot .357 cartridges.
No. Standard ammunition in the correct caliber for the gun. However, ONE of those calibers is the .357 SIG auto, and other .357 cartridges do not interchange with that.
Any weapon chambered for it.
Yes and no. The. 40 S&W is not interchangeable with the .357 Magnum, if that's what you had in mind. Most .357 Sig pistols can, however, but a .40 barrel will have to be dropped in in place of the .357 Sig barrel.
No
The answer is yes....and no. By performing a barrel swap to the 357 sig barrel the gun is capable of shooting the 357 sig round. However, the 357 sig has a much higher barrel pressure (5000-10000 more psi). While the gun can shoot the 357 sig round simply by changing the barrel, this will cause more wear than is normal and can possible damage the slide. The safe bet is to buy a slide and barrel meant for the 357 sig round.
.357 Sig and .357 Magnum are not even close. .357 Magnum is a rimmed, straight walled cartridge for use in revolvers. .357 Sig is a rimless, bottle necked cartridge used in semiautomatic pistols. They don't even use the same bullet diameter. Other than the name, there is almost no similarity. In other words, NO.