Is all depends on the model and the size of the pellet. Most air rifles are used for rodent control. BB guns & rifles are designed for plinking and target practice. Pellet rifles are a better choice for rodent control. However, Pellet rifles are made in different calibers. Starting with .177 (the most common) .20, .22, .25, 9mm, 45 Cal and 50 Caliber. The last 4 sizes usually fall into the PCP (Per Charged Pneumatic) air rifles that require 3000 psi to fire them and are capable of bringing down a bear or deer. These rifles start around $500 and up. Olympic "Match" air rifles usually cost around $3000 to $5000.
A .177 caliber rifle can kill birds, squirrels and rodents. When using them for rodent control I suggest "Hollowpoint" pellets. They deform on impact and make a clean kill.
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YES it can it can kill a deer with a 177.pellet and other stuff just not like bears and stuff with a lot of fat