Several dozen different rifles- it is a very popular caliber for hunting, target shooting, and military use,
No. There are, however, .22 caliber shotshells made for rifles.
The term "squirrel gun" was used with muzzle loading rifles that were smaller caliber than deer rifles. There was no one set caliber, but many were in .32 caliber, where a deer rifle would be .50, .54 or larger.
The 308 caliber guns are more expensive than 5.56 assault rifles.
Rifles are referred to by caliber. Shotguns are referred to by gauge.
Which model and what caliber
Yes
Yes.
US and Sweden
Could you be a little more specific? There are lots of rifles considered large caliber, therefore there are all sorts of ammunition.
In California.
The .45 caliber muzzleloading rifles, made in Spain, marked "Jukar" seem to date from the late 1960s- early 1970s.