The actual bullet diameter (as well as that of the .38 Special) is .357.
No, there are .357 caliber bullets that are not magnum, but they are in the minority.
.357 Magnum
357 Magnum
IF a rifle is chambered in caliber .35y magnum, yes. Among others, Marlin made a lever action .357 magnum rifle.
No. <><><> Above is correct- however, ,38 Special CARTRIDGES can be used in a .357 magnum revolver. The .38 Special is actually not .38 caliber, but .357 caliber. .38 caliber bullets, such as used in the .38 S&W catridge, cannot be used.
No
No. The .38 Special cartridge can be fired in a .357 Magnum revolver - and only a revolver, which does not require chamber headspacing - but it doesn't work the other way around. The .357 Magnum cartridge is too long to fit into a .38 Special cylinder, and the .357 Sig cartridge is in no way compatible, either with the .357 Magnum or the .38 Special.
50-550 usd
Not in the current U.S. military. the most common handgun caliber currently is the 9mm.
They were manufactured in .357 Magnum, .41 Magnum, .44 Remington Magnum, .440 Cor-Bon and .50 Action Express
Well, yes and no. Both the .357 Magnum and the earlier .38 Special catridge both use a bullet that is .357 inches in diameter. The .38 Special in not a TRUE .38 caliber cartridge.
You can shoot them in a .357 Magnum revolver, but that's about it.