Punishment does not "erase" an undesirable habit; it merely suppresses it. Sometimes punishment produces unwanted side effects. Punishment is often ineffective unless the punishment is given immediately after the response and each time the response was made. Children are more likely to behave aggressively if frequently punished.
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Three factors that can increase the effectiveness of punishment are: 1) consistency in applying the punishment when the undesired behavior occurs, 2) ensuring the punishment is meaningful and related to the behavior, and 3) providing feedback and guidance on how to correct the behavior to prevent its recurrence.
The three key figures often identified as the founders of modern criminology are Cesare Beccaria, Jeremy Bentham, and Émile Durkheim. Beccaria is known for his work on punishment and deterrence, Bentham for his utilitarian theory of punishment, and Durkheim for his sociological approach to studying crime and its causes.
Reward
The antonym of the word punishment is reward.
The Esperanto words for crime and punishment are krimo and puno.