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The active ingredients of the combined oral contraceptive pill are estrogen and progesterone. These pills are taken to prevent ovulation to prevent unwanted pregnancies. There is synergism between estrogen and progesterone where estrogen leads to progesterone receptors being upregulated so that they are more sensitive to progesterone.

The combined oral contraceptive pill is highly effective. Its effect on preventing ovulation is the greatest. In addition to these effect, it can prevent unwanted pregnancies by thickening the cervical mucus, reducing the transport of the egg and the sperm in the Fallopian tubes, and changing the endometrium so that implantation is less likely to occur.

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Q: What are the active ingredients in the combined oral contraceptive pill and their mechanisms of action?
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