Abnormal transitions in stages of sleep may indicate narcolepsy. Reduced air flow and low blood oxygenation, may indicate apnea or hypopnea. Frequent movement of limbs indicates periodic limb movement.
urinalysis is a very common diagnostic test . describe and name the possible abnormal results related to this test. indicate the disorders that these abnormal results may suggest.
A normal result in polysomnography shows normal results for all parameters (EEG, ECG, blood pressure, eye movement, air flow, pulse oximetry, etc.) monitored throughout all stages of sleep.
Once the test is over, the monitors are detached from the patient. No special measures need to be taken after polysomnography.
A positive test in a person with symptoms of an autoimmune or rheumatic disease helps the physician make a diagnosis.
Abnormal results include any pathologic reactions to the position changes or sensitivity enhancing techniques, such as the administration of isoproterenol or other related drugs.
Abnormal findings in the basal gastric secretion test are considered nonspecific and must be evaluated in conjunction with the results of a gastric acid stimulation test. Elevated secretion may suggest different types of ulcers.
Abnormal results for a percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography are enlargement of bile ducts.
Abnormal results are increased levels in those with a bleeding disorder or liver disease. With those taking heparin, low levels indicate the dose is too low, high levels indicate the dose is too high.
Protein and blood in urine normally detect urinary tract infection, treatable with antibiotics. Glucose in urine could be a sign of diabetes, although further diagnostic tests should be done to confirm this (i.e. Blood tests) as high sugar intake before test can give positive result for glucose.
Abnormal results, or a positive test, where bacteria are found in the specimen, may indicate a urinary tract infection.
there are many diseases that cause poor relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. When no cause is found, the disease is called achalasia. Abnormal results of pH tests can confirm symptoms.
Polysomnography is extremely safe and no special precautions need to be taken.