In terms of the pin connections, a VGA and an SVGA cable are identical. Normally, the different description is intended to show that the SVGA cable is higher quality than a VGA cable. There are no standards in place to define the difference so a manufacturer's description of a cable as SVGA means very little. All VGA signals (VGA, SVGA, XGA, WXGA, UXGA etc) carry the same red, green and blue image information, but as the resolution of the image increases, so does the data rate for each of the colors. High resolution carried for a long distance demands a better cable than lower resolutions over short distances. Therefore, low cost, low spec cables will probably work just fine over a 5 foot length, even with high resolution images. Using a poor quality cable will show problems such as double images, smeared images and in extreme cases, no image at all. It is hard to establish the quality of cable before you try it, so as a guide, look at the diameter of the cable. The fatter the cable, the better the quality tends to be. It's not a guaranteed way to tell but it's one of the few checks you can make before investing in cables.
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The difference between an RGB cable and a VGA cable are that a RGB cable can go into something like a television, where a VGA cable can go into a laptop. An RGB cable has a prong sticking out the end, and an RGB cable has one wire.
There are a few difference between DVI and VGA monitor cables. The connectors are different. VGA has 15 pins, in three rows of 5. DVI has two banks of 9 pins, with a flat paddle pin. DVI cables also are more suited for high resolution displays.
Both are display cable/interface types, but the biggest difference is that VGA uses analog signals while HDMI uses digital signals, and is capable of carrying video and audio content simultaneously.
HDMI and DVI are designed for the digital transmission of uncompressed data. However, HDMI can also carry up to eight channels of compressed or uncompressed digital audio.
HDMI cables are more widely used than component cables. HDMI delivers the signal in a digital format, while Component is an analog format, delivering bitstream components of the signal.