This Website will answer any question on Springfield 1873- http://www.trapdoorcollector.com/ A quick answer is the barrel on a carbine is shortened for cavalry use.
With the serial number that you provided,your Springfield model 1873 Trapdoor Carbine was produced in the year 1877.
It was made in 1881.
made 1882
made in 1888
made 1881
made in 1889
Springfield is the manufacturer. A rifle is a long arm with a rifled barrel. A carbine is a short rifle, generally considered having a barrel length of 20 inches or less. All carbines are rifles but not all rifles are carbines.
Your Springfield model 1873 carbine which was made in 1880 will bring between 800-1,400 dollars,depending on overall condition,and a bore that is not to badly pitted or rusted.
made about 1875
Wall hanger to tens of thousands of USD depending on specifics
The serial number that you have supplied,indicates that your Springfield model 1873 rifle/carbine was made in the year 1880.