Difference between Proces Variable and set point is called " error (e) " . It is always kept at zero...
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The error is the difference between the set-point and the process variable. It represents the deviation that the controller needs to correct in order to maintain the process variable at the desired set-point.
Differentiate means to recognize or ascertain the difference between two or more things or concepts. It can also refer to the process of finding the rate at which a quantity changes with respect to another variable.
An isobaric process is when pressure remains constant, while an isothermal process is when temperature remains constant in thermodynamics.
An isothermal process in thermodynamics is when the temperature remains constant, while an isobaric process is when the pressure remains constant.
The process of energy transfer that does not occur due to a temperature difference is called radiation. Radiation is the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves, such as light or microwaves, without the need for a difference in temperature between the objects involved.
The independent variable.