Urbanization and industrialization.
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Southern planters believed that the system of slavery would be weakened by abolitionist movements, slave rebellions, and economic factors such as declining profitability of slave labor.
Southern pro-slavery whites argued that slavery was a necessary economic institution that was vital to the Southern way of life. They believed that slavery was justified by the Bible and that it was beneficial for both slaves and slave owners. Additionally, they argued that African Americans were inferior and better off under the care of white slave owners.
Many southerners believed slavery was necessary for their economic success as it provided a cheap labor force for plantations. They also justified it using racial and religious beliefs that portrayed African Americans as inferior and destined to be slaves. Additionally, the institution of slavery had been normalized and entrenched in southern society for generations.
it was critical for the south's agricultural economy.
Southern slave owners generally viewed slavery as essential to their economic prosperity, social hierarchy, and way of life. They believed that slavery was a natural and necessary institution, and that it provided the foundation for the region's agricultural economy. Many slave owners also used racism to justify the subjugation of African slaves, considering them inferior beings who needed to be controlled and guided.
Freelanders objected to slavery because they believed it was morally wrong to enslave another human being, that it violated the principles of equality and human rights. They also argued that allowing slavery to expand into new territories would threaten the economic opportunities of free white laborers.