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The area that was banned from slavery in 1819 was the Territory of Missouri under the Missouri Compromise. This legislation prohibited slavery north of the 36°30' parallel within the territory, with the exception of Missouri itself.
The factor used to decide whether an area could be open to slavery under the Missouri Compromise was its geographical location. This compromise established a line at latitude 36°30' where slavery would be permitted south of the line and prohibited north of it, with the exception of Missouri.
Under popular sovereignty, the decision on whether slavery would be allowed in a territory is typically made by the residents of that territory through a vote or referendum. This allows the people living in the area to determine the status of slavery based on majority rule.
As far as we know, slavery is illegal throughout the universe based on universal human rights standards. If you have concerns about a specific area, I recommend researching the laws and regulations of that region or consulting with legal experts.
Stephen F. Austin supported the institution of slavery in Texas because he believed it was necessary for the economic development of the region. He also believed that slaves would help attract more settlers to the area and increase agricultural productivity. Additionally, Austin and other early settlers in Texas had grown up in slaveholding societies and saw slavery as a normal and acceptable practice.