Two
The British made 'Baker Rifle' was the first widely used Infantry rifle in the early 1800's
The rifle was the main gun of the Infantry man so every major battle in WW 1 the rifle was used.
Springfield
springfield 1903 rifle........30/06 caliber
The rifle is by far the quintessential infantry weapon. The matter of which rifle is a subject of constant debate. The two major weapons are the AK47 and the AR-15 or M-16. Each rifle is optimized for different applications, the AK for reliability in any environment and to be used en masse in full auto mode. The M-16 was designed to be more accurate, lighter weight, have lighter weight ammo and wound rather than kill the enemy, the reason being that ot takes 2 men to carry one wounded, effectively.eliminating.3 men from the fight.
Rifleman - basically, your bog-standard infantry
The Infantry prides itself in the fact that its rifle and its boots are the most important assets.
Rifles were first used in warfare on a significant scale in the American Revolutionary War, when the Ferguson rifle was issued to a special corps of riflemen raised in 1777 from light infantry companies of the British army in the colonies. By the Napoleonic wars (1803 to 1815), the rifle became more widespread, with the British Army raising special regiments of riflemen and issuing riles to the light companies of regular infantry regiments. Other armies adopted the rifle as well, either in similar specialized units or issued to chosen marksmen in regular infantry units. By the 1850s, the rifle (specifically the muzzle-loading "rifled musket") displaced the smoothbore musket as the standard infantry weapon. This was the standard weapon on both sides of the American Civil War.
None. A Rifle Company was part of an Infantry Regiment which was part of an Infantry Division. The Military Police were attached directly to the HeadQuarters of the Division and it was a MP Company. So the Division HQ would assign MP's as needed to handle Prisoners or direct traffic or as they were needed.
The regulation US Army Infantry insignia consists of two crossed model 1795 Springfield flintlock muskets of .69 caliber. This was the US Army's first US government made & issued shoulder arm. This infantry insignia was officially adapted by the US Army in 1922. From about 1875 until 1922, the US Infantry used the crossed rifles that were issued to the US Infantry at the time. Everytime the US Army adopted a new rifle, the Quartermaster would have to issue a new infantry crossed rifle insignia to match the new rifle. For example when the Army adapted the model 1903 bolt action Springfield in 1903...crossed 1903 Springfield insignia's had to be issued. This all ended by the new 1922 regulation.
During the US Civil War one weapon was the most used one by the Union infantry. This was the 1861 Model of the Springfield rifle.