When done by a experienced professional body piercer the dangers are reduced due to the training and knowledge of the person providing the service. When trust is placed in the hands of inexperienced individuals "Hacks" who have not received training, supervision or lack the experience needed to safely perform piercings the dangers are actually increased. Standard centerline tongue piercing goes between the two major muscle groups that control the tongue, an experienced piercer knows what to look for prior to performing the piercing and thus the dangers are mitigated. Experimental piercings that go into the tongue muscle are just that experimental and hold a much higher degree of risk for accident and injury regardless of training and knowledge of the piercer. Due to the anatomy one can know with a degree of certainty where the nerve groups are however each person is different and these locations can vary from person to person. So to answer the question yes it is very easy to hit a nerve group depending on the type of piercing and location and the person providing the service.
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If you go to a clean place that is professional and knows what they are doing than they will know where to pierce it and they will avoid hitting any nerves.