I have been told that they have been castrated for one of two reasons (and it probably did happen in the Northern states too, just not to the same degree).
1. They did not want them to have sex with any white women, so they made it so it wasn't possible.
2. They did not want them to have sex with each other. Many slave owners fell in love with the idea of having the "perfect slave" so they would castrate the male slaves that were not quite the ideal workers. They wanted slaves that could work from sun rise to sun down, fit condition. They would only allow the most fit of their slaves to have sex.
Sickening idea either way. But the Eunuchs in older times were not castrated for the same reasons as these poor people were. They would either be castrated to preserve a high, "angelic" voice when they were young or if they were going into religion it would sometimes be done.
Castration may have been a punishment but I doubt it for most of the time. It was more that they were trying to "breed" them. Bleh.
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northern farms were mainly family farms southern farms more like plantations where based on a slave economy
small farms
small farms
plantations and large family farms
cash crops