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There were 11 states that did not have slaves: Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana.
Slaves were freed through various means such as legal emancipation, escape to free states, or the abolition of slavery in certain regions or countries. While they may no longer be legally considered slaves, they may still face social, economic, or cultural challenges that restrict their true freedom and equality.
It was illegal to import slaves into the United States from Africa after 1808, as stated in the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves.
The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 required people in all states to help slaveowners catch their runaway slaves by allowing for the arrest and return of fugitive slaves to their owners, even in free states. It also imposed penalties on those who aided or harbored fugitive slaves, making it a crime to assist escaped slaves.
The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was passed to aid Southern states in capturing runaway slaves. This law required Northern states to assist in capturing and returning escaped slaves to their owners.
Slaves in the border states that had remained loyal to the Union, as well as slaves in areas already controlled by the Union army, were not granted freedom under the Emancipation Proclamation. Additionally, the proclamation did not apply to states that were not in rebellion against the United States.