A shotgun can shoot up to 80 yards it it depends on what the choke is on the gun.
a 12 gauge shotgun can shoot about 30 yards accuracy
Depends on the load. 30-300 yards
http://www.wikihow.com/Shoot-a-Shotgun
16 yards or 48 feet unless some one knows otherwise
Depends on the ammunition. Rifled 12 gauge slugs are accurate to about 150 yards
No
Pellets or slugs. shotguns usually shoot shot or pellets, but you can shoot slugs. in Indiana we use a shotgun to hunt deer and use shotgun slugs, better to use a barrel with no choke in it. cylinder bore preferred.
It would depend on the powder charge, weight of load, and aerodynamics of the load (Solid slug, shot, etc)
aim and fire Another answer: You do not aim a shotgun, you point a shotgun. You shoot where the target will be when the shot gets there, not where the target is when you pull the trigger. That is called "windage."
With a hopgun Not a shotgun a hopgun
it depends