2.5 miles or so.
[Note: this is about how far the bullet will carry, NOT its maximum effective range, which is somewhere around 1500 yards or so]
Which caliber?
500 USD or so
No, the 300 ultra mag cartidge is not interchangeable with the 300 win mag.
Only what it is chambered for.
Ruger's website has sn data.
A few hundred to multiple thousands depending on specifics
a 150 grain bullet shoots 3290 fps
In the condition you have described your Ruger No.1 will range in price from 675-900 dollars.
22 Long
Depends on how big the difference is and the range.
300 win.
You will have to shoot to find out.