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They key to volume control is a variable resistor.

A variable resistor uses a resistance track with connections at both ends. There is wiper that moves along the track as the volume knob is turned. The tracks are usually rotary for volume knobs, or tracks for volume sliders.

The variable resistor may be used as a rheostat, which means that only two terminals are used (the wiper and one end of the track). By turning the knob, the wiper sweeps across the track, which will effectively vary the resistance from 0 to maximum. A rheostat is usually used to vary current so they would be useful for varying the brightness of a lamp. A variable resistor can also be used as a potentiometer, which uses all three connections (both ends of track and wiper). If you connect the track terminals across a power supply, then the wiper terminal is used to provide a voltage, which can be varied from 0 to the maximum (the supply voltage). Potentiometers are usually used for amplifiers.

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