You have three options: 1) Remove the nipple, pour a little bit of fine (ffffg) powder into the ignition passage, replace the nipple, cap and fire. 2) There are CO2 devices that will expel the ball and powder. The ball must be all the way down on the powder or against the breech plug. As always, make sure the firearm is pointed in a safe direction. The ball will be expelled with some force. This is the safest procedure for removing a stuck ball. 3) Use a ball puller on a ramrod and pull the ball out the barrel.
Verify that the nipple has a clear path for the flame to get to the powder, that the powder is not contaminated with oil or water, and that the percussion caps are good. Try clearing the bore (pulling the ball and dumping out the powder) and swab the bore well. Clean out all oil with dry patches. Run a patch down the bore. Put a cap on the nipple and fire it. If the cap will fire and shoot the patch out, you know that the cap and nipple is good.
They are called muzzleloaders simply because the powder and bullet are loaded from the muzzle end of the gun, Here is a page from WIKIpedia that may help answer.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzzleloader
Yes
No
Ensure the firearm is unloaded and clear, get a cleaning rod and a bore brush, and run it through the barrel.
Cabella's
That depends on the make and model.
A traditional inline muzzleloader can be equipped with a mechanical safety. This safety feature helps prevent accidental discharge of the firearm by blocking the firing mechanism until the shooter is ready to fire.
2
removing the breech plug
Unknown
rust