by cramming them into ships and sailing them to england
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From slave traders in central Africa.
The slaves that West African slave traders sold to Europeans were usually captured in war.
More powerful blacks (such as tribes selling prisoners from other tribes or a chieftain selling some citizens) in Africa sold other blacks to the whites as slaves. Some were captured outright by slavers expressly for the purpose of being transported and sold, but this, while cheaper, was harder work.
Europeans decided to import African slaves as opposed to slaves from other countries, because 1) they were immune to the same diseases that were killing off so many Native Americans, 2) they were strong 3) parts of Africa already had a history of slavery, so it was easy to convince communities to turn in their enemies for money.
slaves