There is no real record of exact cause of death. However, based on the story old age would be very much the main reason especially at that time in Victorian Britain
Jacob Marley died in 1836 at the age of 53 (born 1783)
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Jacob Marley was created in 1843.
It was Jacob Marley Scrooges former business partner
Christmas Eve 1837
Its Bob Marley (Jacob Marley was Scrooges business partner) The wailers were Bob Marleys backing group
Jacob Marley was Ebenezer Scrooge's business partner in Charles Dickens' "A Christmas Carol." He was the very first ghostly visitor to Scrooge on Christmas Eve to tell Scrooge that he would be visited by three other spirits that night. The opening sentences of the book are "Marley was dead: to begin with. There is no doubt whatever about that."
There was no real nickname. He refers to him as Jacob while talking with his spirit.
He had been dead 7 years at the start of the story which was written in 1843. Therefore its assumed that Marley died Christmas 1836
Marley was dead
Marley represents lost hope, the final unused chance for personal redemption, and the wages of overweaning greed. Because he didn't repent of his greed in his lifetime, Marley was damned to spend eternity dragging around chains and money boxes.
This was his dead business partner Jacob Marley