Explain the fundamental difference between ser and estar?

Answer 1

The fundamental difference between "ser" and "estar" is in their usage. Ser is used for more permanent traits, and for identification of material, origin, and possession. Estar is used for less permanent traits, to situate things within spatial and temporal contexts, and to form progressive tenses.

Answer 2

In general, "ser" is used for permanent or inherent characteristics, while "estar" is used for temporary states or conditions. "Ser" is for identity and essence (e.g., nationality, profession), while "estar" is for conditions and locations (e.g., emotions, positions).