Trans fats made from plant sources of fat. Plant fats tend to comprise mostly of unsaturated fatty acids which is why oils are not solid. They are chemically altered to have more hydrogen which results in them being more solid like animal fats such as butter which are higher in saturated fatty acids. Chemically trans fats are unsaturated fats but structurally they are like saturated fats.
Trans fats have a different structure than saturated fats, specifically the chemical structure is more rigid, allowing them to be solids at room temperature and thus not easily broken down or digested in the body.
Trans fats are man made by adding hydrogen atoms to vegetable oil. This hydrogenation allows the vegetable oil to remain solid at room temperature just like a saturated animal fat.
Saturated fats and trans-fats are solid at room temperature. Polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats (oils) are liquid at room temperature. Trans-fats are liquid fats that are treated chemically and thermally to mimic saturated fats, usually in a process called hydrogenation. This process in a nutshell (it's a bit more complicated) injects hydrogen into the oils at high temperature and high pressure producing polymers (plastics) from the hydrocarbon molecules in the oils. Most vegetable shortenings are produced this way, shortenings (solid fats) that are not natural saturated fats are trans-fats.
When hydrogen has been added to unsaturated fats, it is called hydrogenation. This process converts unsaturated fats into saturated fats, making them solid at room temperature. However, it can also create trans fats, which are considered unhealthy.
Lard has more saturated fats
Hydrogenated fats actually are vegetable oil blasted with hydrogen, so these fats are behave like saturated fats. This hydrogen makes the fat harder so it's not at all healthy. Saturated fats haven't any carbon-carbon double bonds, in other words it fully saturated with hydrogen atoms. Hydrogen gas pumped through the mixture at high pressure, and then the excited hydrogen atoms penetrate the vegetable oil molecules and change them into trans-fats. So it is always recommended to consume unsaturated fats instead of other fats.
The Crisco brand now makes several product including oils and shortening. The original Crisco product in the can (shortening) was a fat that was hydrogenated to give it a cream/paste consistency that gave better results in baking. Hydrogenated fats are also called trans fats and health wise are now considered more unhealthy than saturated fats. Crisco and other fats contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Hydrocarbons contain only hydrogen and carbon in some combination so Crisco is not a hydrocarbon. I know it as shortening, a fatty substance used in bakery products like cake. The more 'oily' it is the more UNsaturated, more 'fatty' says more saturated. Maybe the manifacturers label gives more information than I can (don't know the brand).
Butter often provides more saturated fats than margarine, but margarine often provides more trans fat than butter. The best option is usually to select a margarine without trans fats. Some margarines also have added "healthy fats" such as mono and polyunsaturated fats. Take Control and SmartBalance are good options.
With organic compounds, you can have carbon atoms bonded together with single bonds, double bonds, and triple bonds. If all of the carbon bonds in a fat are single bonds, the fat is saturated. If one of the bonds is a double bond, it is mono-unsaturated. If more than one bond is unsaturated, it is polyunsaturated. Sometimes industries add hydrogen to a double bond and make it hydrogenated. They can add it in one of two ways. They can make it a trans fat or they can make it a cis fat. Nature also hydrogenates fats. Nature makes cis fats. Your body has no problem with cis fats. Nature does not make trans fats. Your body has problems with trans fats. Industries can produce cis fats but find it easier to produce trans fats. Making trans fats illegal will force them to make cis fats.
There is no RDA for saturated fat, nor is there a Tolerable Upper Intake Level. The Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academies of Science recommends keeping saturated fat as low as possible while consuming a nutritionally adequate diet. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends that not more than 10 percent of total calories should be from saturated fat.
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