The sector model, also known as the Hoyt modeltheory is based on early twentieth century rail transport and does not make allowances for private cars that enable commuting from cheaper land outside city boundaries. While the Concentric zone model also known as the Burgess model is one of the earliest theoretical models to explain urban social structures.
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Sector theory focuses on the spatial organization of a city based on the development of transportation routes and residential areas, with distinct sectors of the city being defined by different land uses. Concentric zone theory, on the other hand, proposes that cities develop in concentric rings outward from a central business district, with land uses becoming less desirable and more diverse as distance from the center increases. While sector theory emphasizes transportation as a key factor influencing urban form, concentric zone theory highlights the role of socio-economic factors in shaping urban growth.
The concentric zone theory of urban development was proposed by sociologist Ernest Burgess in 1925. Burgess argued that cities grow outward from a central core in a series of concentric rings, with each ring representing a different land use or social group. Other theorists, such as Robert Park and Roderick McKenzie, also contributed to the development of this theory.
Concentric zone theory proposed by sociologist Ernest Burgess, envisions a central business district at the core of the city surrounded by zones of decreasing land value and socioeconomic status as you move outwards in concentric circles.
Normative theory focuses on what should be done based on ethical, moral, or societal principles, while historical cost theory values assets at their original purchase price. Normative theory considers broader implications and ethical considerations, while historical cost theory is more concerned with financial accuracy and reliability.
Hoyt's theory of urban land use and development, also known as the sector model, emerged in response to changes in transportation and the patterns of urban growth in cities. It suggests that cities develop in concentric circles or sectors radiating from a central business district based on transportation routes and land values. This model helps explain how urban areas evolve and expand over time.
The relevance theory of dividends suggests that dividends impact a firm's value, investor preferences, and information signaling. In contrast, the irrelevance theory of dividends proposes that dividend policy does not affect a firm's value because investors are indifferent between dividends and capital gains.