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Permeability is part of the proportionality constant in Darcy `s law which relates discharge (flow rate) and fluid physical properties (e.g. viscosity), to a pressure gradient applied to the porous media:
The proportionality constant specifically for the flow of water through a porous media is called the hydraulic conductivity; permeability is a portion of this, and is a property of the porous media only, not the fluid. Given the value of hydraulic conductivity for a subsurface system, k, the permeability can be calculated as:
- κ is the permeability, m2
- k is the hydraulic conductivity, m/s
- μ is the dynamic viscosity, kg/(m·s)
- ρ is the density of the fluid, kg/m3
- g is the acceleration due to gravity, m/s2.
- v is the superficial fluid flow velocity through the medium (i.e., the average velocity calculated as if the fluid were the only phase present in the porous medium)
- ΔP is the applied pressure difference (Pa)
- Δx is the thickness of the bed of the porous medium (m)
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