organogenesis:
-production of UNIPOLAR structure (shoot OR root PRIMODIUM)
-vascular system CONNECTED to parent tissue
somatic embryogenesis:
- production of BIPOLAR structure (shoot AND root axes)
- vascular system NOT CONNECTED to parent tissue
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Organogenesis is the process by which organs are formed in a multicellular organism during its development. Somatic embryogenesis is a plant tissue culture technique where plant embryos are regenerated from somatic cells (non-reproductive cells) in vitro, without fertilization. Organogenesis occurs in whole organisms, while somatic embryogenesis is a process used for plant regeneration in a controlled environment outside of the natural reproductive cycle.
Somatic embryogenesis is a process in which a plant embryo is formed from cells that are not normally involved in embryo development, such as those found in plant tissue culture. This technique is widely used in plant biotechnology for clonal propagation, genetic transformation, and germplasm preservation.
Somatic mutations occur in non-reproductive cells and are not passed on to offspring, while germ line mutations occur in reproductive cells and can be inherited by offspring. Somatic mutations are not present in every cell of an individual, whereas germ line mutations are present in every cell and can be passed down to future generations.
Somatic cell.
Somatic sensory neurons detect stimuli from the skin, muscles, and joints. Visceral sensory neurons detect stimuli from internal organs such as the heart, lungs, and intestines. Both types of neurons transmit sensory information to the central nervous system for processing.
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements and transmits sensory information, while the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion.