Direct material are those material which are easily identified, conveniently measured and directly charged to the cost of production. It is also part of the finished product. Example of direct materials are Timber in cases of furniture making, Leather in case of shoe making, cotton in case of shirt making etc.
Indirect Material are those materials which cannot be conveniently identified & allocated to the cost centre or cost unit. It does also not form part of the finished product. Example of indirect material are bottom in case of shirt making, Thread in case of shirt making, pin & paste in case of furniture making etc.
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Direct materials are raw materials that are directly used in the production process and can be easily traced to a specific product. Indirect materials are not directly used in production but are necessary for the business to operate, such as cleaning supplies or maintenance tools.
Germanium sulfide is known as an indirect bandgap material, as the minimum energy required for an electron transition between the valence and conduction bands occurs at different momentum points in the Brillouin zone.
In direct ELISA, the primary antibody is directly linked to an enzyme for detection, while in indirect ELISA, a secondary antibody linked to an enzyme is used to detect the primary antibody bound to the antigen. Direct ELISA is quicker and more straightforward, but indirect ELISA allows for signal amplification and detection of multiple antibodies bound to the antigen.
Direct acting cholinergic drugs directly bind to and activate cholinergic receptors, while indirect acting cholinergic drugs increase cholinergic activity by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which breaks down acetylcholine. Direct acting drugs include bethanechol and pilocarpine, while indirect acting drugs include donepezil and physostigmine.
Direct contaminants are introduced into a system intentionally, such as adding chemicals to water for disinfection. Indirect contaminants enter a system unintentionally through sources like runoff or leaching from surrounding areas. Both types can pose risks to water quality and human health.
Direct hot water cylinders are heated directly by an immersion heater within the cylinder, whereas indirect hot water cylinders are heated indirectly by a boiler or other external heat source through a coil or heat exchanger within the cylinder. Indirect cylinders are more efficient as they can be connected to renewable energy sources like solar panels or heat pumps.