Chairman is a head of a group of company's. but the Managing director is a head of a single organisation.
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MD is Managing Director and Chairman is a man in chair
A director is someone who oversees the whole business and helps it run as a whole. For example, you may have a director of human services and an executive director. The chairman is someone who sits on the board of the company and makes decisions related to the company.
MD - Managing Director is often what the lead partner business. In US, the head of a partnership is usually called the "General Partner" or "General Manager
Managing Director means a director who by virtue of an agreement with the company or of a resolution passed by the company in general meeting or by its Board of Directors or by virtue of its memorandum or articles of association is entrusted with substantial powers of management which would not otherwise be exercisable by him. It includes a director occupying the position of managing director by whatever name called. Whole time director includes a director in the whole time employment of the company. A person who does not devote substantially the whole of his time to the company is not a whole time director. A whole time director is virtually a managing director though not so designated. A director in charge is also in the same position as a managing director. It has been held that a Managing director is a part of the company's Board of directors and not a servant of the company.
The difference between managing director and president of the company is like prime minister and president in India. While both the managing director and prime minister are having wider power in day to day operation of the company/country, both the president of the company and country are mere rubber stamps (though both posts are highly honorable) and their discretionary powers are during AGM of the company,signing important papers/documents and for president of the country, the powers are exercised during independence day celebrations,opening/concluding speeches during budget sessions etc.