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Yes, the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 empowered slave hunters to retrieve escaped slaves from free states like Massachusetts and return them to their owners in slaveholding states. The law required citizens and law enforcement officials in free states to assist in capturing and returning runaway slaves, leading to increased tensions and resistance in these states.
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The Fugitive Slave Act required Northerners to assist in capturing and returning escaped slaves, leading to increased tensions between slaveholders and abolitionists in the North. Free African Americans were at risk of being mistakenly captured and returned to slavery, while fugitive slaves faced even greater danger and uncertainty in seeking freedom. White slaveholders, on the other hand, had more legal power to retrieve their escaped property, strengthening the institution of slavery.
The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 required people in all states to help slaveowners catch their runaway slaves by allowing for the arrest and return of fugitive slaves to their owners, even in free states. It also imposed penalties on those who aided or harbored fugitive slaves, making it a crime to assist escaped slaves.
Slave hunters would use tactics such as tracking down runaways with bloodhounds, searching plantations and cities for escaped slaves, and sometimes even luring them with promises of freedom before capturing them and returning them to their owners. They also relied on the help of local authorities and informants to locate and apprehend fugitive slaves.
Two changes made to the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 were the establishment of federal commissioners to handle cases of alleged fugitive slaves and the denial of a jury trial to those accused of being fugitive slaves. Additionally, this law imposed harsh penalties on anyone found to be helping or harboring fugitive slaves.