the secretory phase
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Days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle are known as the luteal phase. This phase begins after ovulation has occurred and ends with the start of menstruation. During this phase, the lining of the uterus thickens in preparation for a possible pregnancy.
You cannot always tell when a woman is on her menstrual cycle just by looking at her. Some signs that a woman may be on her period include changes in mood, physical symptoms such as cramps, bloating, or fatigue, and possibly carrying menstrual products with her. However, it is important to remember that menstruation is a private and personal matter, so it is best to avoid making assumptions or asking intrusive questions.
You know you have a period when you experience regular bleeding from the vagina, usually lasting 3-7 days. Other symptoms may include cramps, bloating, mood swings, and breast tenderness. Tracking your menstrual cycle can also help you predict when your period will come.
Ovulation typically occurs around 14 days before your next expected period, so if you have a 28-day cycle, you may ovulate around day 14. However, the timing can vary from person to person, so tracking other signs of ovulation like basal body temperature or cervical mucus can help pinpoint the exact timing for you.
In theory you're least fertile just before menstruation.Take the average 28 day menstrual cycle:A woman would ovulate around day 14 and produce fertile cervical mucus for up to a week beforehand, so the most fertile point would be between days 7-16 of the menstrual cycle. After ovulation there's no egg to fertilize, by the time you're due to menstruate any egg is long dead.Unless you use Fertility Awareness Method you can't know when YOU are fertile or not, everyone has a different menstrual cycle and menstrual cycles can change all the time. You can't rely on an estimate or guessing fertile or infertile days based on previous cycles.
A woman can determine her fertility status by tracking her menstrual cycle, monitoring changes in cervical mucus, using ovulation predictor kits, and consulting with a healthcare provider for fertility testing.