It all depends on the country, State or location where you live.
Depends on the laws of YOUR state. Some states place a limit on the number of cartridges that a rifle may hold- most do not.
One you can shoot accurately that meets or exceeds your state's minimum caliber restriction.
If it was self defense, yes. (it depends on which state you're in.)
Yes, provided the firearm itself is legally obtained.
Not legally. It's illegal for a felon to own a gun in any state.
Wolverines run wild all over the state. I killed one that was the size of a small child in my backyard. I had to shoot it 10 times to kill it!
Just because it is desert does not mean that it does not belong to someone, or that there are not regulations covering what you can do there. You should be able to shoot on private property WITH the permission of the land owner. You can start by checking with the State Rifle Association (their website is NMSSA.org) and by Googling New Mexico Natural Resources for the state agencies that governs public lands. BTW, ANYWHERE that you shoot, be sure of your target, and what is beyond your target, and take your trash with you when you go- including targets and empties. Much better chance of being invited back again.
No. The only LEGALLY justifiable shooting is in self-defense or in defense of another person.
Legally, no. You must be 18 to purchase a rifle or shotgun, and 21 to purchase a handgun.
my backyard
None listed. Check with the NY State Rifle Association.